Chengdu hot spring drilling geophysical exploration price

Chengdu hot spring drilling geophysical exploration price

Although each well has sediment content, it cannot be seen without instrument testing. If you can clearly see sediment in the water, it indicates that the casing of the deep water well has been damaged. It may be due to changes in the earth's crust or quality problems with the pipe material during well completion, or it may be due to the filter pipe being forcibly lifted (too much water is lifted) causing the filter layer of the filter pipe to become sparse and sand to flow out. If this situation occurs in a deep water well, do not continue to use it because the casing or filter pipe will not recover after being broken or damaged, but will only become more and more serious. The repair team needs to seal off the broken and damaged parts of the water well casing to prevent leakage, and then clean out the filter water pipe buried in the sand in the well before continuing to use the formation of hot springs. Generally speaking, it can be divided into two types: one is formed by magma action inside the earth's crust, or by volcanic eruption. In areas with inactive mountain terrain where volcanic activity has occurred, there is still uncooled magma underground due to the movement and uplift of crustal plates, which continuously releases a large amount of thermal energy. Due to the concentration of heat from such heat sources, as long as there are nearby porous rock layers, they will not only be heated into high-temperature hot water, but also most will boil into steam. Mostly Liusuan salt springs. The second is formed by the infiltration and circulation of surface water. That is to say, when rainwater falls to the surface and infiltrates downwards, it forms groundwater in the deep aquifers of the earth's crust, such as sandstone, conglomerate, volcanic rock, and these good aquifers. Groundwater is heated by geothermal energy below and becomes hot water. Deep hot water mostly contains gases, mainly carbon dioxide. As the temperature of the hot water increases, if there are dense and impermeable rock layers blocking the way, the pressure will become higher and higher, causing hot water and steam to be in a high-pressure state and surge upwards as soon as there are cracks. As the hot water rises closer to the surface, the pressure gradually decreases. Due to the gradual decrease in pressure, the gas contained in it gradually expands, reducing the density of the hot water. These expanding vapors are more conducive to the rise of the hot water. The rising hot water and the cold water that sinks later, due to their different densities, generate pressure (static water pressure difference) through repeated circulation and convection. In the case of low resistance in open cracks, the hot water rises up through the cracks and rushes out of the surface. The hot water can continue to rise and eventually flow out of the surface, forming a hot spring. Under the coordination of high mountains and deep valleys, the surface water at the bottom of the valley may be higher than the groundwater level in the mountains. Therefore, the bottom of the deep valley may be a place with a large difference in static water pressure, and there is a high possibility of hot water upwelling from the valley. Hot springs mostly occur on the riverbed in the valley. Generally speaking,

Chengdu hot spring drilling geophysical exploration priceThe formation of hot springs requires the following three conditions:

（1） There must be hot water underground; Hot Spring Village

（2） There must be a static water pressure difference causing hot water to surge

（3） There must be deep and long cracks in the rock to provide hot water to the ground.

Taiwan, China, China, is located in the circum Pacific seismic zone, between the Eurasian and Pacific plates, which is one of the terrain with well-developed volcanic activity. Therefore, it has created three major volcanic systems in Taiwan, China, namely, the Datun volcanic system (Keelung volcano, Guishan Island), the eastern coastal mountains, and the Penghu Islands. However, most of the volcanoes are dead volcanoes. As there are still uncooled volcanic rocks flowing deep underground, geothermal also causes the distribution and activity of hot springs in Taiwan, China, China to be quite active, so hot springs and fumaroles can often be found in volcanic areas. Sulfides in volcanic hot springs require heat to dissolve in large amounts in water, forming "liusuan springs" (gypsum springs, commonly known as sulfur springs) and "hydrochloric acid springs". Another main system is the mountain range that runs through the entire island on both sides. The number of hot springs in this area accounts for more than 80% of Taiwan's total, belonging to metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Due to the rich presence of hydrogen carbonate ions, which interact with minerals such as sodium, magnesium, calcium, and potassium in the rocks to form "carbonated springs", the exploration of neutral or alkaline hot spring resources mainly involves three aspects: first, basic geological exploration, clarifying the relationship between geological units and structural logic, and first determining the basic conditions for the occurrence of hot springs. If there is no basic environment, that is, no hot spring resources underground; The second is to use geophysical and geochemical methods to delineate the deep underground structural relationships and their mineralization areas; The third is drilling and comprehensive analysis to obtain parameters such as groundwater temperature, pressure, flow rate, velocity, recharge conditions, and rock thermal properties, and then make a comprehensive evaluation. To provide scientific basis for decision-making on the exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources, hot springs can be classified into volcanic hot springs and non volcanic hot springs based on their environment.

Principle of Geological Radar Detection

The detection principle of geological radar (see Figure 1) is to use high-frequency electromagnetic waves in the form of wideband short pulses. The signal is transmitted underground through a transmitting antenna (T) on the ground, reflected by the geological interface or target body, and returned to the ground. Then, the receiving antenna (R) receives the electromagnetic wave reflection signal. By analyzing the time-frequency and amplitude characteristics of the electromagnetic reflection signal, the characteristic information of the underground geological formation or target body can be understood. When the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in underground media is known (which can be determined based on experience, calibration of specific media, or comparison with known data), the time value of the measured electromagnetic wave reflection signal can be converted into the depth value of the reflector.

Rayleigh surface wave method

Rayleigh surface waves are surface vibration waves that propagate along the surface layer of the ground (at a certain depth). Rayleigh surface waves have dispersion characteristics, that is, Rayleigh surface waves with different frequencies (f) have different penetration depths (h), with a penetration depth of about one wavelength (λ). Transient surface wave detection: When a heavy hammer is used to excite the ground (pad iron plate), a Rayleigh surface wave with rich frequency components centered on the vibration source and propagating along a certain depth of the ground surface in all directions will be generated. By burying a set of equidistant wave detectors at a certain distance (offset distance) from the vibration source on the ground and connecting them to the surface wave instrument through cables, the Rayleigh surface wave will be received and processed and analyzed using surface wave processing software, so as to obtain the average Rayleigh surface wave velocity (Vpi) corresponding to each frequency (fi) at the test calculation point (segment) and its corresponding detection depth (hi). Experience has shown that the effective detection depth (hi) of a certain frequency (fi) Rayleigh surface wave is its half wavelength (λ i/2), i.e. hi=VRi/(2fi). The higher the excitation frequency, the shallower the detection depth; The lower the excitation frequency, the deeper the detection depth. Based on the above calculation results and the principle of half wavelength calculation of detection depth, a VR-H curve can be drawn to print the Rayleigh surface wave velocity (VR) and its corresponding detection depth (H). The Rayleigh surface wave velocity (VR) reflects the physical properties of the soil layer medium corresponding to its detection depth. By detecting and calculating a series of points on the detected rock and soil medium, a VR-H profile curve can be drawn. Based on the similarity of the VR layer velocity and the continuity of the inflection point of the VR-H profile curve, velocity stratification can be carried out, and geological interpretation can be made by combining existing geological data or other detection methods.

Survey content of water wells in geological exploration

1、 The location, quantity, structure, type, depth, stratigraphic profile, construction date, and pumping equipment of the well;

2、 The water output, water level, water quality, water temperature and their dynamic changes of the well;

3、 Select representative water wells for pumping tests and dynamic observations;

4、 The usage of the well.

Purpose of topographic well

（1） Power generation

It is limited to high-temperature geothermal fields. At present, the geothermal fields used for power generation in China include Yangbajing in Xizang, Houhaoyao in Hebei, Dengwu in Guangdong, Huitang in Ningxiang, Hunan, and other geothermal fields. The power stations built in the above geothermal fields are experimental power stations except Yangbajing in Xizang, which has been put into industrial use.

（2） Industrial utilization

Limited to medium and low temperature geothermal water at 60-150 ℃, mainly used for drying, textile printing and dyeing, and manufacturing

（3） Heating

The temperature of geothermal water used for heating is generally above 60 ℃, and there are also those below 50 ℃ that use 50-60 ℃, which are rarely used. There are two types of heating methods: direct heating and indirect heating. Direct heating is the direct delivery of geothermal water into the heating system, which requires high water quality and must not cause corrosion or scaling to the heating pipeline system. Generally, it is geothermal water with relatively low mineralization; Indirect heating is the process of using geothermal water to transfer heat to the heating system through a heat exchanger for heating. The extraction of corrosive and scaling prone geothermal water for heating generally adopts indirect heating methods. The utilization rate of geothermal water heating depends on the temperature of the geothermal water and the temperature of the discharged water after heating

When rainwater falls to the surface and infiltrates deep into the earth's crust, it is subjected to high heat and pressure. When it rises through cracks and rushes out of the surface, the temperature is still higher than human body temperature, forming the so-called hot springs. There are many forms of water gushing out, some silently and slowly gushing out, some roaring and spraying out, and some hot water gushing out together with mud and natural gas.

Non volcanic hot springs include deep-seated rock hot springs, metamorphic rock hot springs, and sedimentary rock hot springs. By means of physical exploration and geological analysis, the depth of the aquifer generated by geothermal energy can be calculated, and drilling can be carried out in geothermal areas with the possibility of hot spring development to extract hot spring water from deep fault zones.

The Hot Spring Tourist Resort is a provincial-level tourist resort approved by the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, located in a mountainous area 137 kilometers away from Guilin. Under the forest cover of up to 5 square kilometers, there is an ancient Cambrian geological system, with a fault zone from Baiyaling to Tian'ejie stretching for tens of kilometers, forming the main channel for hot springs. Hot springs gush out from rock formations 1200 meters underground, with water temperatures ranging from 45 ℃ to 58 ℃. The water contains over a dozen beneficial trace elements for the human body, such as lithium, strontium, iron, zinc, and copper. The water quality has been identified by experts from the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, the Ministry of Light Industry, and the Ministry of Health as a natural drinking mineral water of the calcium magnesium carbonate type with ultra-low sodium mineralization.

The usual hot spring water has a strong sulfur smell and is simply not drinkable. The uniqueness of Longsheng Hot Springs lies precisely in its lack of any odor, which not only allows for direct consumption but also has an exceptional taste. According to experts from the national departments of geology, mining, light industry, and health, Longsheng hot spring water is an excellent natural drinking mineral water and medical mineral water. Its radiation and biochemical indicators meet national standards, and the water also contains more than ten beneficial trace elements for the human body, such as lithium, strontium, zinc, and copper. It has the effects of anti-aging, softening blood vessels, anti-cancer, etc. Drinking and bathing the spring water can adjust the balance of nerves, have the effects of hypnosis and analgesia, and have good effects on neuralgia, arthritis, rheumatism, diabetes and hair loss prevention. geothermal

The Earth is a huge thermal reservoir composed of the crust, mantle, and core We know that the temperature increases as we go deeper underground, and geothermal energy refers to the energy stored within the Earth's interior The normal temperature gradient from the Earth's surface downwards is an increase of 25-30 ℃ every 1000 meters. The temperature can reach 1200 ℃ about 40 kilometers underground, and the temperature at the center of the Earth can reach 6000 ℃

Due to structural reasons, the distribution of heat flow on the Earth's surface is uneven, resulting in geothermal anomalies. If geological conditions such as cap rocks, reservoirs, thermal conductivity, and water conductivity are also available, geothermal resources can be developed and utilized

The so-called geothermal resources refer to hot spring water that is transported from the tropics to the surface using water as a medium Many places in our country have hot springs exposed, and Xiaotangshan Hot Spring is one of them At present, we have been conducting geothermal resource exploration and research in the Beijing area for more than 40 years. By using drilling methods, we can bring hot water, that is, hot springs, several kilometers underground to the surface. This is geothermal resource development