1、 Inaccurate or highly biased measurement data

1. Sensor contamination or damage

• phenomenonThe wind speed values are low, high, or fluctuate irregularly.
• reason：
  • Ultrasonic type: Dust, water droplets, or insects adhere to the surface of the probe, affecting the propagation of sound waves.
  • Mechanical: The wind cup or wind vane is stuck or the bearing is worn, resulting in inflexible rotation.
  • Thermal type: Surface contamination of heating elements alters their heat dissipation characteristics.
• solution：
  • Clean the sensorUse a soft bristled brush or compressed air (pressure ≤ 0.2MPa) to remove surface dirt from the probe, avoiding the use of corrosive cleaning agents.
  • Inspect mechanical componentsFor mechanical anemometers, lubricate bearings or replace worn parts; For ultrasonic type, check the alignment of the probe.
  • Calibration equipmentUse a standard wind tunnel or calibrator to calibrate the zero and range of the sensor.

2. Environmental interference

• phenomenonAbnormal data fluctuations or discrepancies with actual wind conditions.
• reason：
  • Strong electromagnetic interference (such as high-voltage lines and frequency converters) affects electronic signals.
  • Sudden changes in temperature, humidity, or air pressure can cause sensor drift.
  • Surrounding obstacles (such as buildings and trees) generate eddies, affecting the uniformity of the wind field.
• solution：
  • Block interferenceKeep the device away from the electromagnetic source or connect the sensor with a shielded cable.
  • temperature compensationSelect models with temperature compensation function, or manually input environmental parameter correction data.
  • Optimize installation locationEnsure that there is no obstruction around the sensor and that the installation height meets the specifications (such as the requirement of the weather station to be at least 10 meters above the ground).

3. Power supply or signal issues

• phenomenonIntermittent data, abnormal display, or device failure to start.
• reason：
  • The power supply voltage is unstable or the polarity is reversed.
  • Poor contact, open circuit or interference of signal lines.
• solution：
  • Check power supplyUse a regulated power supply and confirm that the voltage is within the rated range (such as 12V/24V DC).
  • test signal lineUse a multimeter to check the continuity of the circuit and replace aged or damaged cables.
  • grounding protectionEnsure that the equipment is well grounded to avoid damage from static electricity or lightning strikes.

2、 Equipment cannot start or communication failure

1. Power failure

• phenomenonThe device has no response and the indicator light is not on.
• reason：
  • The battery is depleted (portable device).
  • The power adapter is damaged or the input voltage does not match.
• solution：
  • Replace or charge the battery, and confirm that the battery polarity is correct.
  • Check the output voltage of the power adapter and replace the damaged adapter.

2. Communication interruption

• phenomenonData cannot be transmitted to the display or upper computer.
• reason：
  • Communication protocol mismatch (such as RS485/RS232/Modbus setup error).
  • Loose or damaged communication interface.
  • The upper computer software configuration is incorrect or the driver is not installed.
• solution：
  • Check communication settingsConfirm that parameters such as baud rate, data bits, and stop bits are consistent with the device.
  • Test interfaceTest whether the communication interface is normal with a short wire, and replace the damaged interface or cable.
  • Update softwareReinstall or update the upper computer software and drivers to ensure compatibility.

3、 Special issues with mechanical anemometers

1. The wind cup or wind vane is stuck

• phenomenonThe wind speed is displayed as 0 or the wind direction remains fixed.
• reason：
  • The lack of oil or rusting of bearings leads to an increase in rotational resistance.
  • The wind cup deforms or the wind vane deviates, causing friction with the bracket.
• solution：
  • bearing with lubricationApply specialized lubricating oil (such as silicon-based grease) to the bearings to avoid excessive use.
  • Correct mechanical componentsAdjust the position of the wind cup or wind vane to ensure free rotation without friction.

2. The startup wind speed is too high

• phenomenonThe device does not respond at low wind speeds and requires higher wind speeds to start.
• reason：
  • Excessive mechanical friction or insufficient spring tension (some models).
  • The sensitivity setting of the sensor is too low.
• solution：
  • reduce frictionClean and lubricate the bearings, adjust the balance of the air cup.
  • Adjust sensitivityRaise the startup threshold through the device menu or software (if supported).

4、 Special issues of ultrasonic anemometer

1. Blocked propagation of sound waves

• phenomenonThe data is intermittent or the error increases, especially in rainy and snowy weather.
• reason：
  • The surface of the probe may freeze, accumulate water, or be obstructed by foreign objects.
  • There are strong reflectors (such as metal plates) in the sound wave path.
• solution：
  • Install protective coverProtect the probe with rain, snow, and ice shields.
  • Adjust installation angleAvoid the sound wave path being parallel to strong reflectors.

2. Temperature drift

• phenomenonThe measurement value is low in low temperature environment and high in high temperature environment.
• reason：
  • The speed of sound varies with temperature without temperature compensation.
• solution：
  • Enable temperature compensationEnable temperature compensation function in device settings.
  • manual correctionRefer to the sound velocity correction table based on the ambient temperature and adjust the measurement results.

5、 Maintenance and preventive measures

1. regular cleaningClean the sensor surface every 3-6 months and check the lubrication of mechanical components.
2. lightning protectionInstall lightning arresters in areas prone to lightning strikes to prevent equipment from being damaged by lightning strikes.
3. data backupRegularly export historical data to prevent data loss caused by device failures.
4. environmental monitoringRecord parameters such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure of the usage environment to facilitate analysis of the causes of data anomalies.
5. Professional calibrationEvery year, it is sent to a metrology institution or manufacturer for comprehensive calibration to ensure measurement accuracy.