A signal converter is a device that converts electrical signals into digital signals through the principle of digital electronics, requiring professional chip processing. The IK type standard signal converter is used in conjunction with various instruments in industrial automation control systems to convert standard signals into switch values, replacing the output of PLC under certain conditions.

An analog-to-digital converter is an electronic component that can convert analog signals into digital signals. Usually, after sampling and holding the signal, quantization and encoding are carried out simultaneously with the conversion process.

Analog to digital conversion generally involves several steps, including sampling, holding, quantization, and encoding. In practical circuits, some processes are combined, such as sampling and holding, quantization, and encoding, which are implemented simultaneously during the conversion process.

A digital to analog converter is a device that can convert continuous analog signals into discrete digital signals. The digital quantity processed by the digital system sometimes requires further conversion into analog quantity for practical use, which is called "digital to analog conversion".

DAC is mainly composed of digital registers, analog electronic switches, bit weight networks, summing operational amplifiers, and reference voltage sources (or constant current sources). Using the digital quantities stored in the digital register, control the corresponding analog electronic switches to generate a current value proportional to the bit weight of the bit with a value of 1 on the bit weight network. Then, the operational amplifier sums up the current values and converts them into voltage values.

Single ended to differential converter with gain set by resistor

Many applications require differential signals to achieve higher signal-to-noise ratios, improve the ability to suppress common mode noise, and achieve lower second harmonic distortion, such as driving modem ADCs, transmitting signals through twisted pair cables, and adjusting high fidelity audio signals. This requires a circuit that can convert single ended signals into differential signals, namely a single ended differential converter.

For many applications, the built-in low-power fully differential precision amplifier of AD8476 is sufficient to complete the single ended differential conversion function. But for applications that require higher performance, an OP1177 precision operational amplifier can be cascaded with an AD8476, as shown in the figure. This single ended differential converter has high input impedance, (large) 2nA input offset current, and (large) 60 μ V offset voltage and (large) 0.7 μ V/℃ voltage offset relative to the input terminal.