1、 Installation precautions

1. Installation location selection
   • Avoid interference sourcesStay away from strong electromagnetic field equipment such as motors and transformers to prevent electromagnetic interference (EMI) from affecting signal output.
   • Structural rigidityChoose a mounting surface with low vibration and stable structure to avoid sensor output distortion caused by deformation of the mounting surface.
   • Direction alignmentEnsure that the sensitive axis of the sensor is consistent with the direction being measured, and for multi axis sensors, the definition of each axis direction should be clearly defined.
2. Optimization of installation method
   • Mechanical fixation：
     • When fixing with bolts, the torque should meet the specifications (such as M3 bolt torque of 0.5-0.7N · m) to avoid deformation or looseness of the sensor caused by over tightening.
     • The magnetic base is suitable for temporary installation, but it is necessary to ensure that the contact surface is flat and free from strong magnetic field interference.
   • Adhesive selection：
     • The adhesive needs to be compatible with the sensor and the material being tested (such as epoxy adhesive for metal surfaces and acrylic adhesive for plastic surfaces).
     • The curing time should be sufficient (usually 24 hours or more) to avoid applying external forces before curing.
   • Isolation vibrationIn high-frequency vibration environments, rubber pads or vibration isolation brackets can be installed between the sensor and the mounting surface to reduce the impact of structural resonance.
3. Avoid stress concentration
   • When fixing cables, avoid excessive bending or pulling. It is recommended to use cable clamps or protective sleeves to prevent stress from being transmitted to the inside of the sensor.
   • After installation, check for any gaps or misalignment between the sensor and the object being measured to ensure good contact.

2、 Environmental adaptability management

1. temperature control
   • Working temperature rangeEnsure that the ambient temperature is within the sensor specification range (e.g. -40 ℃~+125 ℃), as overheating may cause sensitivity drift or damage.
   • temperature gradientAvoid sudden temperature changes (such as direct exposure to cold air from high temperature environments), prevent the formation of condensation water or material thermal expansion and contraction that can cause stress.
2. Humidity and Protection
   • Moisture proof treatmentUse waterproof sensors or install protective covers in humid environments.
   • anti-corrosionWhen in contact with corrosive gases or liquids, choose stainless steel casing or apply anti-corrosion coating.
3. Dust prevention and cleaning
   • Regularly clean the dust on the surface of the sensor to prevent particles from entering and affecting the moving parts (such as the mass block of piezoelectric sensors).
   • Use dust-proof nets or sealed sensors in dusty environments.

3、 Electrical connections and signal processing

1. Power supply and grounding
   • Power supply stabilityUse a linear power supply or voltage regulator to avoid voltage fluctuations exceeding ± 5% and prevent noise interference or damage to the sensor.
   • Independent groundingThe sensor ground wire needs to be separated from the power ground and signal ground to reduce ground loop interference.
   • shielded cableWhen transmitting over long distances, use twisted pair shielded cables with the shielding layer grounded at one end (usually connected to the signal source end).
2. Signal conditioning
   • low-pass filteringInstall a low-pass filter before signal acquisition to filter out high-frequency noise (such as motor harmonics).
   • Anti aliasing filteringThe sampling frequency must meet the Nyquist theorem (≥ 2 times the highest frequency of the signal) to prevent spectral aliasing.
   • Amplification circuit matchingSelect an amplifier with appropriate gain based on the sensitivity of the sensor output (such as 100mV/g) to ensure that the signal is within the ADC range.
3. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
   • Avoid parallel wiring of sensor cables and power cables, and use metal conduits or shielding slots for isolation if necessary.
   • In a strong electromagnetic field environment, choose sensors with EMC certification or install filters.

4、 Calibration and testing verification

1. periodic calibration
   • Static calibrationUse standard weights or gravity fields to calibrate sensitivity (e.g. 1g=9.8m/s ²).
   • Dynamic calibrationApply excitation with known frequency and amplitude on the vibration table to verify the frequency response characteristics of the sensor.
   • temperature compensationTemperature drift calibration is required to compensate for sensitivity changes in high or low temperature environments.
2. Pre test inspection
   • zero offsetAfter powering on, check if the sensor output is stable near zero (such as within ± 0.1g).
   • Linearity testApply excitation of different amplitudes to verify whether the output and input have a linear relationship.
   • Cross axis sensitivityFor multi axis sensors, check if non sensitive axis direction excitation causes output (usually<5% spindle sensitivity).

5、 Maintenance and troubleshooting

1. routine inspection
   • Check if the cable connections are loose, if the casing is damaged, and if the installation bolts are tightened.
   • Monitor whether the sensor output signal is abnormal (such as sudden jumps or increased noise).
2. Fault handling
   • No output signalCheck the power, grounding, and signal line connections to confirm if the sensor is damaged (such as measuring the power supply voltage and output impedance with a multimeter).
   • Signal driftCheck if the temperature exceeds the limit or if the sensor is damp (such as using an infrared thermometer to measure the ambient temperature).
   • Excessive noiseCheck if the shielded cable is damaged or if there are strong electromagnetic interference sources nearby.
3. lifetime management
   • Record the usage time of the sensor. The lifespan of piezoelectric sensors is usually 5-10 years, while MEMS sensors have a longer lifespan but need to avoid mechanical shock.
   • Keep the environment dry during long-term storage to prevent sensors from getting damp or aging.