1、 Selection and procurement stage

1. Voltage level matching
   • Select cables with nominal voltage levels that match the actual working voltage to avoid insulation breakdown caused by voltage mismatch. For example, high-voltage equipment requires the use of high-voltage insulated cables, while low-voltage equipment requires the use of low-voltage models.
2. environmental adaptability
   • temperature rangeEnsure that the rated operating temperature of the cable covers the actual ambient temperature. For example, the rated temperature of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulated cables can reach 90 ℃, while polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cables are 70 ℃. XLPE cables should be preferred for high temperature environments.
   • weather resistanceFor outdoor use, UV resistant and aging resistant cables (such as UV protection type) should be selected. For humid environments, cables with higher waterproof levels (such as IP66 protection level) or metal conduit protection should be used.
   • Corrosion resistanceAvoid cables from coming into contact with corrosive substances such as acids, alkalis, and oils. If necessary, use anti-corrosion cables (such as VVRP) or perform isolation treatment.
3. Mechanical performance requirements
   • bend radiusDetermine the minimum bending radius based on cable type (e.g. XLPE cable ≥ 15 times outer diameter, PVC cable ≥ 10 times outer diameter) to avoid excessive bending and damage to internal structure.
   • tensile strengthHigh flexibility and wear-resistant cables should be selected for mobile devices or frequent bending scenarios to prevent conductor breakage or insulation peeling caused by stretching.

2、 Installation and laying phase

1. path planning
   • Avoid heat sourcesMaintain a distance of at least 50cm from heating devices such as motors and heaters to prevent accelerated insulation aging caused by high temperatures.
   • Stay away from sources of corrosionAvoid cables from coming into contact with acids, alkalis, or oils, or reduce risks through anti-corrosion treatments such as applying protective paint or using stainless steel materials.
   • Prevent mechanical damageWhen laying, avoid areas with sharp objects or heavy objects to prevent damage to the cable sheath.
2. Laying standards
   • fixation methodWhen laying horizontally, set fixing points every 1 meter, and when laying vertically, fix them every 0.6 meters. Use zip ties or buckles to prevent loosening.
   • Distance requirementsThe distance between power cables and control cables is ≥ 0.3 meters, and the distance between cables of different voltage levels is ≥ 0.5 meters (such as 10kV and 380V cables). When laying multiple layers, partitions should be added between layers.
   • Clearly markedSet up identification signs at both ends, branches, and bends of the cable, indicating information such as model, specifications, starting and ending points for easy maintenance in the later stage.
3. Joint processing
   • Intermediate joint and terminal headChoose accessories that match the working temperature of the cable (such as high-temperature resistant sealant) to ensure a secure connection and good contact, and avoid faults caused by overheating.
   • Sealing treatmentAfter cutting off the cable, the end should be sealed immediately to prevent moisture from entering and causing a decrease in insulation performance (heat shrink tubing or self-adhesive rubber tape can be used for sealing).

3、 Usage and operation phase

1. load control
   • Avoid overloadingStrictly distribute the load according to the rated current carrying capacity of the cable, monitor the current value in real time, and adjust it in a timely manner when it approaches or exceeds the rated value to prevent overheating and accelerated insulation aging.
   • Load fluctuation managementFor scenarios with significant seasonal or periodic load changes, reserve allowances during design and regularly evaluate cable operation conditions.
2. temperature monitoring
   • Operating temperatureRegularly check the cable temperature using a temperature sensor or infrared thermal imaging device to ensure that it does not exceed the allowable value (such as XLPE cable ≤ 90 ℃).
   • Ambient temperatureKeep cable trenches, tunnels and other places well ventilated, and install ventilation equipment if necessary to reduce the ambient temperature.
3. moisture and insect proof
   • Waterproofing measuresWaterproof treatment should be done at the cable ends and joints to prevent moisture from entering and causing insulation degradation or conductor corrosion.
   • Preventing rodents and insectsPlace anti rodent drugs and install anti rodent nets in cable trenches, regularly clean up debris, and prevent animals from biting or insects from breeding.

4、 Maintenance and repair phase

1. regular inspection
   • Visual inspectionMonthly inspection of cable sheath for damage, cracks, discoloration, and overheating or discharge of terminal and intermediate joints.
   • Connection checkCheck the connection points quarterly for tightness and good contact to avoid looseness and overheating.
   • insulation testCables of 1kV and below are tested for insulation resistance annually, while high-voltage cables are regularly inspected based on voltage levels and usage environments to ensure insulation performance meets standards.
2. Fault handling
   • Insulation damageWhen insulation aging or damage is found, promptly cut off the damaged section and reconnect it, and strengthen insulation treatment (such as coating conductive paste or using specialized repair tape).
   • mechanical damageMinor scratches can be temporarily repaired with insulating tape, while severe damage requires cable replacement.
3. Archive records
   • Establish maintenance records to document the installation, inspection, testing, and repair of cables, providing a basis for subsequent maintenance.